Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule - Essay Example Gandhi bases his arguments on several themes; he argues that it is not favorable for the Englishmen to leave India, only for the Indians to adopt their British culture, arguing that, Indians would prefer an English rule in the absence of Englishmen. On Indian independence, Gandhi argues that Indian independence was successful due to passive resistance. He also argues that self reliance is a vital tool, which can be utilized by the Indians, in that, the British must adhere to the Indians demands if they desire any kind of deal. In addition, Gandhi argues that India must reject the western civilization if it yearns for freedom. What is Gandhi’s main objective? Gandhi, in his own words says, â€Å"It is my duty patiently to try to remove your prejudice† (Gandhi p7, ch1). Gandhi’s main objective was to free India from the domination of the British Empire. The title of Gandhi book, Swaraj means self governance; here, Gandhi’s focus was on empowering Indians to discard the British economic, political, legal, and social way of life. Gandhi believed in a world of peace and harmony, free from any colonialism; but one is self sustained and capable of managing its affairs. What are Gandhi’s political and social positions? According to Hind Swaraj (p5 ch1), as the editor, Gandhi explains to the reader on the desire for home rule by arguing that, home rule is similar to self rule, claiming that the British should not only leave the country, but they should also not leave behind their British style, only to be adopted by the Indians. He further explains to the reader that the British desired home rule for India, claiming that, the Englishmen were not ill and the Indians had to cooperate with them in order to achieve home rule sooner, hence becoming free. Secondly, Gandhi argues on Indian’s independence, which would only be achieved through passive resistance, insisting that the magnitude of love and pity is higher that that of firear ms. He explains that the use of brutality is harmful, but not in the use of pity. According to Gandhi (p10 CH2), swadeshi or self-reliance, can be exercised by the Indians with an aim of declining all trade dealings with the British, if the British do not meet their demands. He further describes partition as an awakening call, which sends a message to the British that the Indian’s have the will from unrests, meaning that they are discontented. Gandhi continues to argue that, India has to reject the western civilization in order to be free, claiming that western civilization is not only unfit for India, but it is unhealthy as well. Gandhi (p14 ch4) criticizes the British parliament as a sterile woman or a prostitute, one whose members are concerned about their powers than the welfare of the public. Gandhi bases his arguments on truth and non violence. Importantly, his political views also pointed at the prevention of concentration of political power in the hands of few individ uals; he preferred that political power be distributed to many, therefore adopting a democratic nature. Economic power should also be in the hands of many compared to few in order to ensure that competition and exploitation are minimized. When production is based on need rather than greed, poverty can be eradicated; Indians would also realize the dignity of labor, which improves productivity. Gandhi also insists on self-reliance by Indians in their villages, religion and the nation at large. The

Environmental Ethics Review of Literature

Environmental Ethics Review of Literature This chapter provides the review of literatures that forms the framework of this study. Reviews of the concepts that underpin this research will help elucidate and justify the major elements under which this study is based on. Environmental ethics is the discipline that studies the moral relationship of human beings to, and also the value and moral status of, the environment and its nonhuman contents. It also can be defined as the field of inquiry that addresses the ethical responsibilities of human beings for the natural environment. This field took its name from the 1979 creation of the journal Environmental Ethics. (Botzler Armstrong, 1998) Environmental ethics is the part of environmental philosophy which considers the ethical relationship between human beings and the natural environment. It is the field of inquiry that addresses the ethical responsibilities of human beings for the natural environment. It also exerts influence on a large range of disciplines including law, sociology, theology, economics, ecology and geography. Environmental ethics is that part of applied ethics which examines the moral basis of our responsibility toward the environment. The fundamental questions are the following (Naess, 1973): What are the obligations of the whole of the mankind toward the natural world? How to allocate the benefits and charges deriving from the respect of these obligations? What policies and institutional structures should be established to implement them? The academic field of environmental ethics grew up in response to the work of scientists such as Rachel Carson and events such as the first Earth Day in 1970, when environmentalists started urging philosophers to consider the philosophical aspects of environmental problems. Two papers published in Science had a crucial impact: Lynn Whites The Historical Roots of our Ecologic Crisis (March 1967) and Garrett Hardins The Tragedy of the Commons (December 1968). Also influential was Garrett Hardins later essay called Exploring New Ethics for Survival, as well as an essay by Aldo Leopold in his A Sand County Almanac, called The Land Ethic, in which Leopold explicitly claimed that the roots of the ecological crisis were philosophical (1949). 2.2 Man-nature relationship Nature can be seen as beautiful and harmonious but it also inspires fear in man who has had to fight it in order to survive. Nowadays, nature is threatened by man who has become detached from it. Technology has endowed humans with the power of a major geological agency, which may act on a continental or even planetary scale (e.g. acid rain, photochemical smog, radioactive contamination, stratospheric ozone depletion, climate change). These man-made environmental problems cannot all be solved by technology alone. Changes in human behaviour are necessary, hence the need for codes of conduct based on the ethics of the environment. The relationship between man and nature must be reconsidered. (Bourdeau, 2003) As human population growth, technology, pollution and demands on finite resources begin to tax the earths capacity. A fundamental change in mans attitude toward the environment and most important of all, an ethical basis for the necessary legal and incentives is required for the man to avoid self-destruction in the environment. According to Blackstone (1974), the main cause of environmental crisis is mistaken values and attitudes, which are the attitudes that we can exploit the environment without restrictions, that the production of goods is more important than the people who use them, that nature will provide unlimited resources, that we have no obligation to future generations to conserve resources, that continued increases in human population is desirable and that the right to have as many children as one wants is an inviolate right, that the answer to the problems of technology is more technology, and that gross differences and inequities in the distribution of goods and service s are quite acceptable. The environmental awareness movement which begin in the late 1960s is evidence that peoples attitudes are changing rapidly, and so it would seem that the development of an environmental ethics is but a logical extension of general ethics. 2.3 Environmental Philosophical Perspective There are typically four types of philosophical perspective in environmental ethics, which are technocentrism, anthropocentrism, biocentrism and ecocentrism. Technocentrism and anthropocentrism based on the values centred on technology and human while biocentrism and ecocentrism based on the values centred on ecology. 2.3.1 Technocentrism Technocentrism is the philosophical perspective that meaning values centred on technology. Technocentrics, including imperialists, have absolute faith in technology and industry and firmly believe that humans have control over nature. Although technocentrics may accept that environmental problems do exist, they do not see them as problems to be solved by a reduction in industry. Rather, environmental problems are seen as problems to be solved using science. Indeed, technocentrics see that the way forward for developed and developing countries and the solutions to our environmental problems today lie in scientific and technological advancement. 2.3.2 Anthropocentrism Anthropocentrism is the philosophical perspective asserting that ethical principles apply to humans only, and that human needs and interests are of highest, and even exclusive, value and importance. Thus, concern for nonhuman entities is limited to those entities having values to humans. There are typically two major types of anthropocentrism, which is strong anthropocentrism and weak anthropocentrism. Strong anthropocentrism is characterized by the notion that nonhuman species and natural objects have value only to the extent that they satisfy a felt preference, which is any fulfil able human desire, whether or not it is based on thought and reflection. For weak anthropocentrism, it was distinguished by the affirmation that nonhumans and nature objects can satisfy considered preferable than as well as felt preferences. A considered preference is a human desire or need that is based on careful deliberation and is compatible with a rationality adopted world view, incorporating sound metaphysics, scientific theories, aesthetic values and moral ideals. Thus, weak anthropocentrism value nonhuman entities for more than their use in meeting unreflective human needs. They value them for enriching the human experience. 2.3.3 Biocentrism Biocentrism defined as the belief that all forms of life are equally valuable and humanity is not the centre of existence. In Respect for Nature, Taylor (1986) described the fundamental points of biocentrism. First, Taylor equates the status of human beings with that of animals. He argues that humans and animals share the earth, and should live equally and harmoniously. Second, Taylor says that human and other animal species are interdependent. This rejects the view that humans need animals, or that animals depend upon humans. Third, every living creature is unique, and lives in its own way for its own good, says Taylor. This implies that one species cannot know more about what is good for another species than that species itself. Fourth, Taylor rejects the argument that human beings are inherently superior to animals. But, there is a key problem in biocentrism. This philosophical perspective still pre-ecological, which mean that not really focused on ecosystems, but on individual life forms. 2.3.4 Ecocentrism Ecocentrism is based on the philosophical premise that the natural world has inherent or intrinsic value. There are typically two types of ecocentrism which is the land ethic and deep ecology. Land ethic was first clearly articulated by Aldo Leopold in the late 1940s. The proponents of the land ethic advocate the human responsibility towards the natural world. Proponents of the land ethic advocate a true environmental ethic, valuing nature in and of itself rather than only in relation to its significance for the survival and well-being of humans or other select species. The land ethic implies human responsibility for natural communities. Deep ecology is a more recent ecocentric philosophy. This term was coined in 1974 by Arne Naess, a Norwegian philosopher, as a contrast with the notion of shallow ecology; the latter includes all superficial, short-term reform approaches to solving such environmental problems as pollution and resource depletion. Deep ecology involves an intensive questioning of the values and lifestyles that have led to serious environmental problems. 2.4 Related research with environmental philosophical perspective There are many studies have been conducted all around the world on environmental philosophical perspectives. Bjerke, T and Kaltenborn, B.P., (1999) had been conducted a study entitled The relationship of ecocentric and anthropocentric motives to attitudes toward large carnivores in Norway. The target populations in this study consist of three different groups which is sheep farmer, research biologist and wildlife manager. The results showed positive associations between anthropocentrism and negative attitudes toward carnivores, and between ecocentrism and positive attitudes toward carnivores for all three groups. Farmers, relative to the other groups, scored lowest on the concentric and highest on the anthropocentric subscales. Kortenkamp., K.V. and Moore., C.F., (2001), had conducted a study entitle Ecocentrism and anthropocentrism: moral reasoning about ecological common dilemmas to examine some issues in how people extend ethics to the natural environment. The result showed that the presence of information about the impact of ecological damage on the environment, especially a more wild environment, elicited more ecocentric reasoning, while the presence of a social commitment elicited more non environmental moral reasoning. Another study related with environmental philosophical perspective was a study conducted by Casey., P.J. and Scott., K., (2006), entitled Environmental concern and behaviour in an Australian sample within an ecocentric-anthropocentric framework. The result of this study showed that female gender, better education, and being older were associated with higher levels of ecocentric concern for the environment and reporting more ecological behaviours. References Bjerke, T., Kaltenborn, B. P. (1999). The relationship of ecocentric and anthropocentric motives to attitudes toward large carnivores. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 19, 415-421. Blackstone, T. W. (1974). Philosophy and Environmental Crisis: University of the Georgia Press. Botzler, R. G., Armstrong, S. J. (1998). Environmental Ethics: Divergence and Convergence (2nd ed.): McGraw-Hill. Bourdeau, P. (2003). The man nature relationship and environmental ethics. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 72, 9-15. Casey, P. J., Scott, K. (2006). Environmental Concern and Behaviour in an Australian Sample Within an Ecocentric-Anthropocentric Framework. Australian Journal of Psychology, 58(2), 57-67. Kortenkamp, K. V., Moore, C. F. (2001). Ecocentrism and Anthropocentrism: Moral Reasoning About Ecological Commons Dilemmas. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21, 261-272. Naess, A. (1973). The shallow and the deep, long-range ecology movement. Inquiry, 16(1-4), 95-100. Taylor, P. (1986). Respect For Nature: Princeton University Press.

goblin market Essay -- essays research papers

It is difficult to cull a satisfying thematic interpretation from Christina Rossetti's "Goblin Market." Obvious themes might be "that one should be careful of temptation," or "that little girls should not talk to strange men." One might even go on to the end of the poem and decide the theme is "that sisters should love one another." These are rather trite ideas, however, and while the poem definitely supports them (and they are easily defended with quotations from the text), a more careful look at "Goblin Market" reveals that the poem is fairly complex, and able to support a more revolutionary reading than the ones put forth above. Rather than saying that "Goblin Market" has a particular theme, I would put forth the notion that it attempts to deal with certain problems Rossetti recognized within the canon of English literature, and specifically with the problem of how to construct a female hero. There are no signifecant female heros in English literature up to the time of Rossetti. Female protagonists exist, of course, like Elizabeth in Austen's Pride and Prejudice, but they have no outlet for heroic action. They are constrained by the gender-roles into which a male-dominated society has placed them. Elizabeth must spend a good deal of her energy waiting for Darcy to take action; she herself is hobbled by the cords of decorum. In "Goblin Market," Rossetti creates a rudimentary framework of behavior in wh...

Manage Own Performance in a Business Environment Essay

1: Understand how to plan and be accountable to others.1.1 There are a number of guidelines and procedures in place to enable me to do my job not only to the best of my ability but in a professional manner. In administration, there are procedures that need to be followed relating to various aspects of the job including correct procedures to, answer the telephone, confirming tickets, dealing with outgoing mail, rooms as well as other procedures. All of the administrators procedures are kept in a file at the office area where any member of admin staff can revise them as and when necessary. In my work place, these general procedures cover a wide range of skills used within any administration such as how to deal with a telephone call and how to used the office printer. They are available on the system for any staff member to review. 1.2 As a employee I am accountable to my employer. They have a right to see that my work is up to standard. Having a plan allows for my manager to see a quick overview of my daily tasks and allows them to check that I understand what needs to be done through out the day. It also helps to agree timescales and goals, and helps with performance managing.Planning skills allows me to be efficient and to successfull in my job.I have to be able to set and achieve targets and help others to do the same.1.3 The purpose for agreeing realistic targets for work is to keep everyone on task and focused, there is no point setting a target that is impossible to complete in the time scale given. Things will always get rushed and missed if the target is unrealistic. Work will not be done to the highest standard. However you should always push yourself at work. There should be a balance between the time it takes, how much work you have to do and making sure your work is to the highest standard. This wa y, everyone can contribute effectively and reach targets efficiently instead of struggling to achieve the impossible. 1.4 I need to make sure that the deadline is fair and be honest about how much work I can handle. When speaking to my manager I will gain respect by being straight about how much I can do. If I set too easy a target for myself I won’t be pushed to improve myself and it will be clear to my manager. If I make it impossible to reach my manager will be unimpressed by my inability to work out how long I need and missing the deadline. Setting targets is part of planning so the more accurately you can stick a plan usually the more likely you are to succeed. 1.5 The first thing I do in the morning is to prioritize my work. That is, place the most important job at the top; the least, at the bottom. When judging priorities, I need to do several things: I need to determine what is required. This is the number of jobs that need to be done. I need to figure out what is required. I need to ask myself â€Å"What must I do that nobody can or should do for me?† I have a list on which I write every target I need to Achieve and then I plan this around my day. If I’m stuck or behind on an important job I can ask my office manager Jack or other employees to help me. I don’t put everything into a ‘pending’ or ‘jobs to do’ file. I Classify my targets into those that are: both urgent and important (class 1) urgent (class 2) important (class 3) neither (class 4).1.6 So other people can help me when I am stuck and it doesn’t waste time. We can work as a team together to get the task finished.They can give me tips and say how I could improve my work.If someone is relying on a piece of work from me to complete their own tasks then it is important to keep them informed of where I am. By doing this I can also gain information on timescales, when this work needs to be completed. If I am unable to complete something by the time requested then other people will have to re-prioritise their own workloads to fit around me and by keeping them informed of my progress I can show where I am with my work.1.7 It respects people’s time and allows people to be better prepared for work, mentally, physically and tools-wise. It is respectful of the other person’s time to give him or her a good idea of what and how you want them to do something and when they need to start. If these plans change, respect demands that you infor m others involved of the changes to these plans. 1.8/1.9Computer crashingWork not getting savedPower cutsPhotocopier runs out of tonerPhotocopier runs out paper. All of these issues can be resolved very simply.Any technical fault that involves my computer I would report this to my manager or director. Things like photocopier running out of paper would be common sense I would fill the paper tray myself with the correct size and type of paper. If there is a jam I would try and resolve this myself without creating danger or ask somebody I would ask my manager who knows how to fix this. 1.10 The importance of learning from mistakes is so that you will not make the same mistakes (or similar mistakes) in the future, and you will thereby make more right decisions and fewer wrong decisions, and therefore will enjoy more success and less failure. Outcome 2: Understand how to behave in a way that supports effective working.2.1 The purpose of agreeing and setting high standards for work assures that each person tries their hardest and achieves there goals. By setting high standards you are showing a good example to the hole work team. Your building trust with your employer, it can give you benefits such as a pay raise or promotion and It gives you a great sense of satisfaction. You must always make sure you have the right amount of work for your time scale. This allows you to make sure your work is to the highest standard and isn’t rushed. I have learnt from working at h2o the its better to take a little bit longer doing something than doing it to quickly and having to go back and correct your mistakes. 2.2/2.3 I can set high standards of work by putting 100% into every task I do. By being the best I possibly can be. If I challenge myself in areas I will improve at my work, impress my employer and set a high example to all of the staff. By not challenging myself I am not learning anything. I should always take on new challenges if given them. This means I will earn new skills and will allow me to become experienced at my job. 2.4 If there are changes, its best to find out the purpose and make a plan, gather as much information as you can. Discuss the changes with your manager as understanding the situation helps you plan an appropriate course of action. Find out if the changes will affect your salary or benefits. There are always changes made in our workplace such a new office equipment, new staff, change in role. It gives me new challenges and experience. 2.5 The purpose of treating others with respect, honesty, and consideration is to treat others how you would like to be treated. To help people when you can. Never judge anyone and understand people as individuals. This gives people self confidence and positive a work environment. In my workplace we always listen and respect one another. 2.6 Behaviour is vital to the workplace because it can affect everyone. A person’s negative outlook can spend to those around that person. The workplace can immediately become a hostile environment due to the action or attitude of a single person. 2.7 Types of behaviour that display honesty, respect, and consideration are listening to others’ ideas and providing thoughtful feedback, being sensitive to the needs of others, seeking a solution that will benefit all, cooperating with everybody, treating others fairly and with dignity. Some negative behaviours are not listening to people, ignoring the opinions of others, having a selfish attitude, disregarding the efforts of others, and spreading false or hurtful information about others like spending rumours.

How Does Walker’s Use of Imagery and Symbolism?

In â€Å"The Colour Purple,† Alice Walker uses symbolism, and imagery to affect the reader’s interpretation of the novel through very complex themes of religious influence, oppression and emotion developed from these literary devices. This has a profound influence on the reader’s interpretation of the novel as it suggests certain opinions and points of view to them as well as giving them deeper insight to the emotions of the protagonist In â€Å"The Colour Purple† a strong theme of religious influence and interpretation is developed through use of symbolism and imagery.The fact that the letters are initially addressed to God, an entity in whom the protagonist strongly believes, has a significant symbolic impact on the novel. When Celie’s mother asks where her child came from she says â€Å"Its God’s† when clearly, it is her father’s child. The elliptical choice of â€Å"God† as the father of the baby is symbolic, and show s that the power her Pa wields over her makes him a God-like figure to her. This is ironic the semantic field of the word â€Å"God† holds connotations of an all-powerful and infinitely benevolent entity.The irony of this is that whilst the true father of the baby, her â€Å"Pa†, holds a great deal of power over her, he is portrayed as anything but benevolent. If anything, he is more like Satan as he is seemingly the source of all the deplorable aspects of her life. This evokes a great deal of pathos from the reader and also antipathy towards her father. This clearly Illustrates for the reader who the protagonist and antagonists of the novel are Later in the novel, this symbolism is continued as the protagonist’s perception of God is explored through her dialogue with Shug Avery.Soon after discovering that her sister is still alive, she becomes frustrated and against the idea of praising God, exclaiming â€Å"What God do for me? † This is a typical reacti on of people who have suffered in life to the concept of God. This anger she feels towards God for letting her suffer so much is a manifestation of all the anger she feels towards all the people who have wronged her in life. This further manifests itself when she decides, â€Å"She don’t write God no more† as she blames him for giving her a hard life.She also decides that God is a man, something that is of extreme significance as Celie attributes all of her life’s troubles and problems to men, and their mistreatment of her. She confesses to Shug Avery that she sees God as â€Å"Big and old and tall and greybearded and white† This perception of God is a fairly common one, along with the â€Å"white robed† and â€Å"barefooted† idea. Then Shug outlines her perceptions of God, and church, ideas that are not so common. Her ideas are extremely interesting; she says she never found God in church, and any God she found she â€Å"brought in† with her.The effect this has on the reader forms very strong empathy with the protagonist, as the thoughts she is having are very relatable. It also makes the reader question their own perceptions of God, thus making this novel seem to be a very philosophical one. With Shug’s help, Celie comes to see that God isn’t a bearded white man, he is â€Å"Everything†, he is in nature, people, the sky and all that is good. This is most strongly illustrated in the final letter of the book which she addresses â€Å"Dear God. Dear stars, dear trees, dear sky, sear peoples.Dear everything. † The syntax of those sentences as a list illustrates further that she sees God in everything that is good and beautiful. This shows that she has come back to God and her perceptions have changed dramatically. This symbolises the end of a journey as Celie comes to accept God once more and it also symbolises that fact that she has moved on with her life and is finally happy. She†™s also This creates more empathy from the reader who feels joy for the protagonist as well as showing that she has overcome her hardships.Overall this idea of a journey creates a sense of this being a very biographical novel. The fact that it is in epistolary form makes the novel much more personal and relatable for the reader. When Celie leaves Mr. __ she finds her inner self and gains a lot more personality. At the beginning of the novel, she never mentions her emotions, just physical feelings. This is symbolic of the fact that in her oppression, she was just surviving rather than living. She was very much a shell, her body existed but her inner spirit was suppressed greatly.The first time emotions are brought in are when Celie discovers that her sister is still alive. Her break from oppression to become her own person is symbolised by the pants. The making of pants is theraputic for her, she claims she â€Å"aint been able to stop† after she started. This is the first t hing shes ever chosen to do herself so they are symbolic of her newfound independence. Also in that society, pants were considered to be a men’s item of clothing, so the wearing of pants by Celie and Shug is symbolic of their fight against sexism and the patriarchal society.The fact that she starts to make money from the pants furthers the idea of independence. The effect on the reader of this is it gives an idea of this being a very political novel and being about a struggle for freedom. The colour purple is a regal colour representative of affluence and the good things in life created by God for the people to enjoy. At the beginning of the beginning of the book, Celie has no sense of the colour purple, she has a terrible life in which she is just surviving rather than really living. The lack of emotion at the beginning clearly shows this.As a result, she doesn’t have the capacity to sense the colour purple, she cant appreciate the simple beauty of life and nature as her conditions are so oppressive that she cant see any good. Shug helps her to see the good in life when she shows Celie that God is in everything and telling her to â€Å"relax, go with everything that’s going and praise God by liking what you like. † This overall analysis of God and the form In which he exists prompts the reader to question their own view on God, especially the way in which society depicts him and his laws.

buy custom The Really Smart Phone essay

buy custom The Really Smart Phone essay Smart phone is a mobile phone that has the characteristics which are more in advanced in the connectivity and on computing ability than the normal cell phone. Smart phone are sometimes thought as handheld integrated computers with a mobile telephone in them. A smartphone enables the user to run and proactively do the multitasking of applications that are in built to the principal hardware. A complete operating system is installed in smartphones and this software enables the provision of a platform for provision of application by developers and users. Thus they have the combination of the camera phone and personal digital assistant in them (PDA). According to a research conducted in the early 2011, smartphones are having rates that are very accelerating when it comes to the rate at which mobile phone users are adopting them for work and for contact purposes. The research result according to Olswang report showed that 22% of mobile phone uses have switched to the smart phone and most o f these being in the age bracket of 25- 35 years (Mobile reference 56). The growing demand for the more advanced mobile services which have high and powerful processors, larger LCD screens, large memories and an operating system that is open has overtaken the rest of the phones with the low processing sped and have the absence of the operating system. These phones include this smart phone. According to the study conducted by the Comscore, over 45.5 million mobile phone users in the United States had the access and owner ship of smart phones by the year 2010. This percentage was out of the 234 million registered subscribers hat are present in that country (Mobile reference 46). The first smart phone was designed and shown as a product concept in the year 1992 by the IBM Simon. The smart phone was released out to the market in 1993 and was sold by the user. Despite being a mobile phone device, this first ever designed smart phone had he features of a calendar, address book, the world clock, the calculator, email services, games, the note pad and the sending and receiving of fax options. The smart phone had no physical keypads to operate and instead it had the touch screen option that was used for operations purposes. Many users have this question in mind, what makes a smart phone? And why is it smart? Below is the answer. A smart phone has much difference from the normal cell phone, as said in the first paragraph, a smart phone is a device for making and receiving calls and at the same time have a lot of added features that makes it more than a phone. These features include the ability to receive and send emails and the options of editing office documents for instance. Smart phones were developed as a result of the renovation of the cellphone and the personal digital assistants. The key smart phone that makes it a smart phone includes the ability the following features in details; Operating system- a smart phone must have the feature of being installed with an operating system that allows its applications to run productively. The blackberry smart phones for instance use the blackberry operating systems whereas most of them use the common windows mobile operating system(Mobile reference 14). Software- other than the basic software that is common even in the normal cell phone, smart phones has the ability to do m ore software tasks such as use of the Microsoft word, viewing and downloading of applications and personal and business finance manager soft wares (Mobile reference 15). QWERTY Keyboard- this is a definition of the key arrangements that are present in a computes keyboard, the smart phone has the same feature in the arrangement of its keypad as that of the computers keyboard. This keyboard in the smart phone is found in the physical form whereby one can type on or in the touchscreen format (Mobile reference 14). Messaging services- despite the feature of receiving and sending messages being common in most of the cell phones, the smart phone has the added feature that enables it to handle the e- mails in multiples and access of the yahoo messenger option among other options. Web Access- The website access is a property that allows the computer systems to access the internet services at a higher speed as a result of the development and the growth of the 3G network system and the Wi-Fi support among the smart phones (obile reference 14). The legal issue of the smart phones The legal sue of the use of smart phones for personal use ad business use has brought forward many issues. However, much issue has been put across in the use of these devices for business purposes among individuals and organizations. If the company owns or uses a smartphone, then it also owns all the phone number that are assigned to that device, in case an employee leaves the company, the phone number is usually given to anther employee and for that reason if that employee owns the smartphone and leave the company, all the contacts belonging to customers and other employees that were in that number are no longer used for contact purposes with the company. Due to the varying laws in different states, the employers might have rights in one location but no rights another location. The most important legal issue about the use of the smart phones at business is the question of who has the access and ownership to data. When these phones are issued to employees in a business organization, then he or she is the one with aces to the information stored on these smartphones. Their complex features that are almost similar to those of computers make them to store a lot of data. This data can be relevant to the business or irrelevant. For instance, in an organization that offers healthcare service or financial services, most of the information about these customers is stored in these smart phones and can therefore be traced back by any one who has access to the smartphone. Due to the sensitivity of this information, it is the mandate of the user to protect the private data that is private and confidential (Mobile reference 44). Despite the positive outcomes that are present in the use of the smart phones, they also happen to have several issues that are of disadvantage both to the customer and the employer or the user. For instance, these smart phones due to their feature that enables them to have the GPRS settings, this is an implication that someone can monitor the moves of the individual with the phone either knowingly or unknowingly. This is made possible by installation of special programs that enable one to tread the call logs, the email messages, the texts, and listen to made conversations. This aspect might be of both value and disadvantage depending on the purpose of the tracking. These are the issues associated with the employee and customers monitoring (Mobile reference 48). The other issue that raises eyebrow on their legality is the liability factors. This happens when an employee uses the smart phone a basement to launch an attack or to hack into a network or a website that is out of restriction for him or her, harassing a worker or a customer or the act of any other cyber crime. As a result, one wonders where it is possible for an individual to sue to the company or the employee via claims that by the use of the companys devices, the employers action were in representation of the entire company. Smart phone laws Fast case- is a mobile law for smart phones and in precise the iPhone that allows the user to have the option of searching all the cases and statutes from all the states inclusive of the federal government. The smart phone technology search enables the puling of the cases tat are most relevant to the search query on top of the feature that customizable and help in the search process in the iPhone. Thus application is free in smart phone but it needs an application of the account in order to make sure that one gains access to features such as the document saving of the search of historical facts. This is a law that has very many lawyers being in registration with it due to its effectiveness (George 129). Droid Law- just like the fast case law, the droid law in smart phone is a form of a legal reference for smart phone and other mobile users application that ensures the following bases in its application, the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure, the Federal Rules of Evidence, the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure and the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure. Additional reference materials include, such as the code of the United States or U.S. Constitution add-on are mush available for user but unlike the fast case law, the Droid law gooes at a fee (George 128). Blacks Law Dictionary, 9th Edition- this is the most applied law book in the world, this is an application in the blackberry smartphone that enables the user to access over 55,000 different terms of language with spelling pronunciations and over 3000 quotations at your smart phone. This smart phone application has much legality for todays students due to its dictionary feature plus other features such as the progressive and the look up search features. The above named different mobile laws have different impact depending on the user. The career of the user has much to do with the law that the user decides to purchase. On my own point of view smart phones should have the above laws this is due to the fact that most of their use is for business purposes. The business that they are used for operate at different features, for that reason, a user who works in a security organization such as the police departments is likely to purchase a different law from his/her smart phone from a user whose smart for is for business that involve lawyers, the same case applies to student, they are likely to purchase a law that has much relevance to their education and in this case they are likely to purchase the Blacks Law Dictionary, 9th Edition law (Alexander 34). However, mobile laws are likely to cause or be responsible for negative outcomes, as a result some of the federal houses have come up with a proposal that have been implemented in some states in the united states of banning the smartphones as a results of fears that lead to beliefs that they could be used as bombs. This was in a report that was released on March, 23 the year 2011 by the administrative office of the courts. The main reason for this ban was claims that some smart phones could and can be used as bombs due to the fact hat these devices commonly present the issue of security among their users, as a result of their features that support most of the programs, they can be converted to bombs and explosive via the remote control through the installation of special programs. This issue has raised issue in the security sector. In most countries that have large number of smart phone users, their non- metallic feature and their small size also makes it very impossible for them to be scanned in order for hem to be detected for test of explosives and harmful devices that might be tracked on them. Other negative issue related to the use of smart phones includes the secret recording and transmission in court proceedings whereby it enables the assessors to use their smart phones and their internet capabilities to conduct the research and come up with solutions. As a result of this, Federal courtrooms across the country have varying policies concerning mobile devices. Some of the courthouses have been known to require individuals to check in their mobile devices at the security entry. Other courthouses necessitate users to humbly turn their devices such as mobile phones and PDAs off. In San Francisco, the state where live blogging throughout court proceedings is a usual practice, several federal courtrooms actually have Wi-Fi networks available to allow wireless access for mobile and other devices. In another instance where the smart phones have been use to conduct illegal offences, in the past three years, the Chicago Police Department has supplied powerful new tools to officers who are in the fieldBlackBerry smart phones. But the BlackBerry smart phone may have miscarried on the police department, which is now being charged by an officer in the gang investigations unit for the overtime that he claims he earned while using his smart phone off the clock. The police department has deliberately violated the FLSA [Fair Labor Standards Act] by purposely declining to pay the complainant and other similarly situated employees in the department all compensation outstanding them under the FLSA for their after-hours Blackberry use A judge had to certify the case in a court of for a final decision to be made. The situation is one of a margin worldwide in which employees have claimed overtime compensation for smart-phone useand in precise it is the first that was involving public employee s. However, different lawyers said that such cases are a perfect warning to employers to put a smart-phone usage strategy and policy in place before they end up in the same situation. Buy custom The Really Smart Phone essay

Tombstone Fashion essays

Tombstone Fashion essays In 1879, with the discovery of silver in Arizona, Tombstone becomes queen of the boom towns where the latest Paris fashions are sold from the backs of wagons. Attracted to this atmosphere of greed over one hundred exiled Texas outlaws band together to form the ruthless gang recognized by the red sashes they wear. They emerge as the earliest example of organized crimes in America. They call themselves, The Cowboys. Tombstone. Simply put, The Cowboys, also known as The Notorious Clanton Gang, were the bad guys who infested the developing town of Tombstone; they were fugitives who brought crime and murder with them wherever they went. They were mischief makers hated and feared by the dominant culture of prospectors, gamblers, and businessmen because of their defiant attitude and by the way they dressed. The Notorious Clanton Gang was in fact comprised of actual cowboys who herded and raised livestock, mainly cattle, for a living. Accordingly, they traveled by horse so they wore spurs on their pointy leather boots to control their transportation. They would also wear chaps over their slacks to protect their legs from insects and brush they encountered on their journeys. They wore dust covered cowboy hats to keep the blazing sun out of their eyes and sun faded bandanas around their necks and mouths to ward off sun and dust. However, this simple and honest lifestyle was seemingly not of enough income or interest to the Cowboys. As a more sophisticated and elegant fashion of clothing began to manifest from Paris to the Southwest, the Cowboys remained loyal to their display of ruggedness and dirtiness. The Cowboys arduous way of life tended to develop rough-and-ready attitudes; instead of tailor-made suits and fancy neckties, they dressed in long, dusty, and tattered slacks as they trekked across the desert from town to town getting money by any means possible. This ...